Medical nonwovens mainly include two major categories, one is the direct contact with the skin wounds, such as wound dressings, gauze, bandages, etc., mainly to cover the protection of the wound to prevent wound infection and promote wound healing, such textiles Usually has aseptic, non-toxic, non-stick, good blood or body fluid absorption, non-allergenic, carcinogenic, teratogenicity, drug treatment, comfort and good anti-infection, It is a kind of protective and filtering textile with waterproof, breathable, soft, comfortable, sterilizing, filtration and so on. It mainly includes surgical cap, surgical mask, surgical towel, surgical gown, bed sheet, pillow, sick suit, protective suit, Drapes, wipes and medical filter cloth.

1, wound dressing

Wound dressing for wounds to implement full protection, at present mainly include woven dressings, knitted dressings, non-woven dressings and composite dressings. Non-woven dressings with low cost, high performance, etc., is expected to become an ideal alternative to traditional dressings.

Hydrogel dressings

Calcium alginate dressings

Antibacterial silver wound dressing

In recent years, chitosan has been widely used in the preparation and research of wound dressings due to its good biocompatibility, hygroscopicity and moisture retention, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, anti-tumor, analgesic and hemostatic functions, and scar suppression. Chitosan medical non-woven dressings mainly used spunlace and electrostatic spinning preparation.

Alginate fibers are widely used in the production of medical dressings due to their advantages of high hygroscopicity, good overall removability, high oxygen permeability, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Compared with traditional dressing, alginate dressing has high hygroscopicity, good hemostatic performance, good biocompatibility, can promote wound healing, and can recover without pain after wound healing. However, alginate fibers are expensive and are generally not used as a sole raw material for the production of medical dressings. Donghua University, using multi-layer composite technology, through acupuncture or spunlaced alginate fiber network and other low-cost fiber network made of composite fibers, prepared functional alginate composite medical dressings, both to reduce production costs, but also Give full play to the excellent performance of alginic acid.

2, medical gauze

Gauze is one of the most widely used textile materials in the medical field. At present, there are mainly traditional woven gauze, non-woven gauze and composite functional gauze (for hemostasis, surgical imaging, etc.). Among them, the non-woven gauze is based on the performance of the traditional gauze, make full use of and take advantage of the technical advantages of non-woven materials, made from natural fibers or chemical fiber, compared with the traditional gauze, which has no yarn head, trimming Tidy, mechanical packaging and other advantages, common varieties are highly absorbent gauze, soluble non-woven gauze and reed net spunlace cloth.

The Vaseline gauze shown below, made from pure cotton spunlace non-woven gauze impregnated with medical Vaseline liquid, Vaseline can keep the skin tissue moist and maintain the best condition, the non-woven gauze is to support, Protect the function of the wound, thereby enhancing the ability of the wound skin to repair itself.

Sterilization Vaseline gauze

Composite functional gauze is given ordinary gauze and non-woven gauze new features, such as alginate gauze, chitosan gauze with hemostasis, surgical imaging and other functions. Recently there are scholars using modified chitosan and oxidized regenerated cellulose to prepare a new type of excellent water-soluble antibacterial hemostatic composite gauze, this composite gauze in addition to anti-bacterial hemostatic function, but also can prevent postoperative adhesions An excellent material.

3, bandages

In recent years, the rapid development of new bandages, there has been a self-adhesive bandages, absorbent bacteria bandages, transfusion instantaneous hemostatic bandage can be bio-medical bio-medical bandages and wound dressing can be displayed by discoloration of new products such as bandages, greatly promoted the bandage Antibacterial medical applications.

Alginate and chitosan have good biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxic, antibacterial and hemostatic properties and are good biomaterials for medical applications. They are widely used in new bandages. MOHANDAS A and other freeze-dried zinc oxide nanoparticles / alginate hydrogel new composite bandage, the bandage porous structure, and has a controlled degradation, antibacterial, rapid hemostasis and good biocompatibility Excellent performance.

NAWALAKHE R et al developed a new type of composite bandage, the bandage is based on pure cotton fabric as a substrate, prepared by electrospinning chitosan nanofiber coated on its surface anti-bacterial hemostatic function, and by plasma treatment to Increase the durability of the composite bandage and the adhesion of the chitosan nanoweb to the cotton substrate.

With the development of information and communication technology, the application of sensors on bandages to prepare new type of intelligent bandages is also one of the hot topics in recent years. FAROOQUI MF and other developed a low-cost intelligent inkjet printing bandage, the sensor printed on a conventional standard bandage, and with a recyclable electrode as the power supply system, the bandage can be real-time monitoring of wound bleeding, pH and external pressure changes , And the monitored data can be wirelessly sent to nearby medical personnel.

MOSTAFALU P and other developed a flexible smart bandage with oxygen sensor in the treatment of chronic trauma during the real-time monitoring of oxygen concentration, which can reduce the treatment of chronic wounds caused by hypoxia and other tissue defects and other hazards. CHEN L has developed an arm bandage with a Bluetooth device that monitors the wearer's health in real time.

4, medical protection with non-woven products

Medical protection textiles should be waterproof, breathable, soft, comfortable, bacteria and other properties, can be knitted, woven or non-woven fabric, but the majority of non-woven materials. Medical protection textiles commonly used raw materials are polypropylene, polyester, ES fiber, cotton, viscose fiber.

Surgical clothing as a commonly used medical protection products, play a two-way protective role in surgery, commonly used medical surgical clothing materials are SMS SMS nonwovens and wood pulp spunlace composite nonwovens.

Although the conventional surgical clothing material has a certain hydrostatic resistance and good shielding properties, but as a medical protective equipment can not provide adequate security for medical staff, which requires the surgical clothing material for a certain amount of finishing Meet medical needs. Commonly used finishing methods are plasma etching, spray method, printing coating method, blade coating method and foam finishing method.

In recent years, Donghua University has carried out a series of studies and achieved many successes in the field of "three reflex and one resistance" (non-alcoholic, blood-repellent and antistatic) nonwoven surgical gowns. VIRK RK and other fluorocarbon gas-containing plasma on the production of surgical gowns nonwovens, the experiment found that plasma-treated nonwovens have better water repellency, blood effects, and against Staphylococcus aureus has Obvious inhibition.

5, medical wipes

Medical wipes common fiber raw materials are polyester, polypropylene, viscose, composite fibers, Lyocell fiber, cotton fiber, the substrate mainly spunlaced nonwovens, hot rolled nonwovens, dry paper, etc. At present Spunlaced fabrics are the most accepted substrates in the market. Antibacterial, decentralized, green biodegradable wipes are the development direction of wipes products. Liu Ling Nonwoven fabrics made of cellulose fibers and chitin fibers in a 7: 3 ratio not only effectively solve the antibacterial problem of the wet wipes, but also reduce the environmental pollution problems caused by the wipes that are not easily degraded. Zhang Jin developed a kind of disposable wet wipes, the product is made of several biodegradable fibers (polylactic acid fiber, flax fiber, Lyocell fiber) is not added binder and wet strength agent made of non-woven material, And supplemented with Chinese herbal medicine ingredients wetting liquid, the product is convenient and practical, decentralized, biodegradable.

6, conclusion

Medical textiles industry across the textile and medical fields, showing "a variety of technology to further compound cross-disciplinary areas further integration of upstream and downstream industry chain technology tends to be integrated innovation" trend. The future, medical textiles will be biodegradable, complex, functional, minimally invasive, intelligent direction.